allusions,+rhetorical+structure,+rhetorical+shifts


 * Why are rhetorical devices used in a movie or a novel?**


 * Allusions**

“Rises to battle the mighty **Goliath**, the Taylor machine.” (DAVID AND GOLIATH) “Because of just one plain, simple rule: **Love thy neighbor**.” “He knows what **George Washington** said by heart and Boy Stuff is swell.” “A simpleton. A big-eyed patriot. Knows **Lincoln and Washington** by heart.” “I think it's all right. A young patriot. Recites **Lincoln and Jefferson**.” __ "-that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall--have a new birth of freedom--and that Government of the people, by the people, for the people--shall not perish from the earth..." __ "...with certain unalienable rights. Among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of..." "...the pursuit of happiness.” “That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men. Deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed;” “That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends. It is the right of the people to alter or abolish..." “**Don Quixote** Smith. Man with a bill.” “Another prominent character. The **Silver Knight**.” “**Don Quixote** with bill will speak two important words: Willet Creek.” Rhetorical Shift: ** Character Mood: __** Tone/scenes: __** Imagery: __** Lincoln Memorial: “**The scene dissolves to a series of views** (a TRAVEL MONTAGE) **of the Washington monuments** as Jeff sees them--his amazement and reverence **on seeing the Supreme Court Building, the White House, the Washington Monuments, Constitution Avenue**, and so on. Then the **LINCOLN MEMORIAL comes to view** and JEFF is seen walking up the steps--eyes fixed ahead wonderingly. Soon he approaches the top steps and now his is on the floor of the shrine. Suddenly he stops dead, and the full **figure of LINCOLN comes to view--the huge, overpowering figure, seated in that great armchair. It is an almost breathing sculpture of the great, humane man, looking out."** Point of View __** Rhetorical Structure __ ** Exposition: **
 * Jefferson Smith uses biblical allusions to foreshadow what is going to happen next. For example, when he says the word Goliath we think of the story in the bible about David and Goliath. In this situation Mr. Smith is David and the “Taylor machine” is Goliath. Therefore, when you see the word "Goliath" you immediately know that in the movie the Taylor machine will be overthrown by Mr. Smith.
 * Historical allusions are an easy way to connect with readers. They work for many generations, rather than using current issues that limit the range of readers who cannot understand the allusion. So writers use historically known events and figures so most people can understand it easily. Therefore, the characters in the movie use historical people like George Washington and Abraham Lincoln to let the audience know that Mr. Smit [[image:http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/current/ED101fa08/tlandy/declaration.jpg width="244" height="288" align="right"]] h is an ideal person like them.
 * Gettysburg’s Address ** __ :
 * Declaration of independence ** __ ** : **
 * Mr. Smith alludes to these texts to remind the audience that the government was formed by the people to help the people. However the “Taylor machine” deviates with this idea. Also, Smith could have alluded to other texts but he used these two specific to show the audience that the two documents imply that the government cannot be corrupt.
 * Literary allusion is used when Saundra states that Smith is “Don Quixote,” meaning Smith is a naive person who believes in old revolutionary ideas like being patriotic. This allusion foreshadows that the “Sliver Knight,” Mr. Paine, will save Smith from a problem. Also, by referring to Smith as “Don Quixote” Saundra lets the audience know about Smith’s personality.
 * __
 * At first Saunders doesn’t like Smith and mocks him by telling Diz that “You don’t suppose that ranger (Smith) met up with some kids and took 'em for a hike!” However, as the story progresses she starts to fall in love with him and helps him escape the trouble he is in. Also, she gives him advice and gets the “Boy Stuff” newspaper to print copies to tell the public the statements Smith is making. “They're not letting what Jeff says get printed in the state. Now if I give you a raft of it over the phone, can you print it up and spread a billion copies? Swell! Get ready to take this down, Mrs. Smith.”
 * Jim Taylor and his press like Smith in the beginning but towards the end of the movie they criticize him.
 * __
 * When Smith and Saunders are making the bill the tone of the scene kept on shifting from funny to serious. For example Smith would say funny comments like “Yeah. Yeah. Well, anyway, we've got "Saunders" settled. Maybe that was my trouble all along. (Rubbing his hands)Yes, sir. I'm all ready to go now (Then—suddenly) what’s your first name?” And after making funny comments like this the tone would become serious and they would start writing the bill. “Yes. The most beautiful I think I ever... (Catching himself--leaping into action)Say--we're never going to finish this thing! Now, here we go, Saunders. I'm going to talk faster'n you can write……”
 * At the end of the movie the scene shifts from serious to happy. For example when Smith faints, “in THE CHAMBER Paine comes toward the center aisle (Jefferson still lying face down on the floor)” and the audience in the room is shocked. However, when Paine admits that everything Jefferson says is the truth the scene shifts from serious to happy.
 * __
 * The audience sees a rhetorical shift in imagery when Mr. Smith reaches Washington D.C and then he goes to see the Lincoln Memorial. The shift occurs when the imagery changes from Mr. Smith looking at people and cars to Mr. Smith looking at series of patriotic pictures like Washington monuments, White House, and Lincoln's statue.
 * __
 * Mr. Paine decides to support Taylor when he had to decide whom to support, Smith or Taylor. For example, in front of the committee Paine degrades Smith’s reputation by saying that, “This is a very painful duty for me…..I helped him frame his Bill and the day he presented it I went over to congratulate him but I pointed out that a dam was already going up on the very site he had chosen for his camp….carefully made plans to make an enormous profit out of the nickels and dimes scraped together by the boys of this country…..my sense of duty told me that his expulsion from the Senate was the only possible answer.” However, at the end of the movie Paine decides to change his point of view from not helping Smith to helping Smith by saying that, “I'm not fit to be a Senator. I'm not fit to live. Expel me! Expel me! Not him. Every word that boy said is the truth! Every word about Taylor and me and graft and the rotten political corruption of our state. Every word of it is true. I'm not fit for office! I'm not fit for any place of honor or trust. Expel me!”
 *  Smith’s view regarding Paine changes when he hears that Paine is with Taylor. At first Jefferson thought Paine was a great man but when he discovered that Mr. Paine was with Taylor, Jefferson shifted his perspective regarding Paine’s personality.
 * __[[image:http://aliscot.com/ensenanza/1302/freitag.gif width="319" height="198" align="right"]]
 * 

· Setting: Washington D.C  · Protagonist: Jefferson Smith  · Antagonist: Taylor machine (Taylor and his men)


 * Conflict: **

· Jefferson learns that the government is corrupt and people like Taylor own it.

“ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">I will not yield, sir! This same man Mister Taylor--came here to offer me a place in this Senate for twenty years, if I would vote for a dam that he knew and I knew was a fraud! But if I opened my mouth against it, he promised to break me in two! And I stood here one day and tried--I started to open my mouth--and it all came to pass. The long, powerful arm of Mister James Taylor reached right into this sacred chamber and took me by the scruff of the neck.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mr. Paine wants Jefferson Smith expelled from Senate. <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Paine asks the president for a hearing at the Privileges and Elections Committee Room and humiliates Smith by saying that Smith wants to create a boys camp to make money.

“Until the evidence came to me that he owned those very two hundred acres and, as you have heard, had carefully made plans to make an enormous profit out of the nickels and dimes scraped together by the boys of this country.”<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jefferson gives up and cries after the hearing in the committer room. <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Saunders inspires Smith by saying “Jeff--listen-- remember the day you got here?--what you said about Mr. Lincoln?--that he was sitting up there watching--waiting for someone to come along? Well--that was you. Someone with a little plain, decent, uncompromising rightness--to root out the Taylors--yeah, and really light up that dome for once.” Raising Action ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mr. Smith goes to Senate House <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">He wants a chance to explain to everyone that the government is corrupt
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">

" Well--seems like some of the gentlemen are in a pretty tall hurry to have me out of here. The way the evidence stacks up against me, I can't say I blame 'em. But, hurry or no hurry, sir--I've got a few things to say before I leave. I tried saying 'em in here the other day and was stopped colder'n a mackerel. Well, I'm going to get them said now--in fact, you might as well know, I'm not letting myself be expelled from this Chamber until I do.”

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">He tells that the government is controlled by Taylor <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Taylor and his “machines” get to work and use propaganda to humiliate Smith and turn people against him.

“Hendricks! Line up all the papers in the State! Don't print a word of what Smith says--not a word of any news story coming out of Washington! Understand? Defend the machine. Hit this guy! Start protests coming. Buy up every minute you can on every two-watt radio station in the State. Keep 'em spouting against Smith!” <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Saunders tells Mrs. Smith to publish Smith’s statements that he is saying at the Senate House in the “Boy Stuff” newspaper. <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Taylor’s men abuse the ranger boys by hitting them and they also take away their newspapers <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> Climax: ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The climax scene come just few minutes before the end of the movie <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The climax occurs in the scene where Smith is very tired and whispers his last statement regarding liberty and the corruption within the government <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> “Just get up off the ground, that's all I ask. Get up there with that lady that is up on top of this Capitol dome--that lady that stands for liberty; take a look at this country through her eyes if you really want to see something and you won't just see scenery you'll see the whole parade of what man's carved out for himself after centuries of fighting and fighting for something better than just jungle law, fighting so he can stand on his own two feet-- free and decent, like he was created--no matter what his race, color or creed. That's what you'll see. There's no place out there for graft or greed or lies or compromise with human liberties. And if that's what the grown-ups have done to this world that was given to them we'd better get those boy's camps started fast and see what the kids can do and it is not too late because this country is bigger than the Taylors, or you or me, or anything else. Great principles don't get lost once they come to light. They're right here.”
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">He tells the Senators that the country is bigger than men like Taylor and corruption <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Then Mr. Paine comes to tell Smith that the people of Smith’s state find him a corrupted persom and Smith faints Falling Action: ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">After Smith faints Paine commits that he and the others are corrupted and that Smith is telling the truth
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“Every word that boy said is the truth! I'm not fit for office! I'm not fit for any place of honor or trust in <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">this land! Expel me!" <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> ·  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Everyone in the House is happy (except Taylor’s people) Resolution: ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;"> ·  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">No resolution because the audience doesn’t know what happened to Taylor, Mr. Paine, and the corrupted Senate. Also, the audience doesn’t know whether Smith and Saunders got married or if Smith was reelected. Therefore, the movie doesn’t contain a resolution.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">